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Centos5.4/freebsd UCARP 热备

2010-12-30 18:55:02| 分类： Linux Cluster | 标签： |举报 |字号大中小订阅

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1 Ucarp简介

UCARP允许多个主机共享一个虚拟的ip地址，以提供自动的故障恢复功能，当其中某个主机宕机时，其它的主机会自动接管服务。UCARP是CARP协议（通用地址冗余协议，最早在OpenBSD上实现）的linux实现版本，同时也能移植到其它多个unix平台，UCARP的官方网站：http://www.ucarp.org/project/ucarp 。

CARP协议的特点在于其非常低的开销，主机间使用加密数据传递信息，并且在冗余主机之间不需要任何额外的网络链接。

下载ucarp源代码包：http://download.pureftpd.org/pub/ucarp/，在README中有ucarp的简单部署实例。

2 设置UCARP基本信息：

1．多个主机以构成冗余主机组；

2．一个共享的虚拟ip地址，用以对外提供可靠的服务，冗余主机组中的某个主机会对会对这个ip上的服务进行应答；

3．对于每个主机，需要配置一个真实的ip地址；

4．一个1-255之间的共享标识符；

5．一个共享的密码（使得网络间传输的消息都为密文）；

6．当冗余组中某个主机成为MASTER时执行的脚本程序；

7．当冗余组中某个主机不再是MASTER是执行的脚本程序；

3 Ucap具体参数详解

--interface=<if> (-i <if>: bind interface <if> (网络接口绑定网络接口)
--srcip=<ip> (-s <ip>: source (real) IP address of that host (源地址真实ip)
--vhid=<id> (-v <id>: virtual IP identifier (1-255) (虚拟ip标识 (1-255))
--pass=<pass> (-p <pass>: password (密码)
--preempt (-P): becomes a master as soon as possible (以最快的速度成为主服务器的角色)
--neutral (-n): don't run downscript at start if backup (如果是备份主机,启动的时候不运行downscript.)
--addr=<ip> (-a <ip>: virtual shared IP address( 虚拟共享ip地址)
--help (-h): summary of command-line options (命令行帮助)
--advbase=<seconds> (-b <seconds>: advertisement frequency (广播的频率(秒))
--advskew=<skew> (-k <skew>: advertisement skew (0-255) (不广播)

用来设置公告间隔时间, 公式(以秒计)为advskew/256+advbase。advbase可以减少网络流量或设置更长的主力机"轮循"时间(直至备份机来顶替它);advskew设置哪台热备份计算机在故障转移时优先成为主力机(这是必需的)
--upscript=<file> (-u <file>: run <file> to become a master (运行一个脚本文件，使本服务器成为主服务器)
--downscript=<file> (-d <file>: run <file> to become a backup (运行一个脚本文件，使本服务器成为从服务器)
--deadratio=<ratio> (-r <ratio>: ratio to consider a host as dead (认定主机已经死掉的比率（阀值）)
--shutdown (-z): call shutdown script at exit (在退出的时候，执行关闭的脚本)
--daemonize (-B): run in background (运行在后台)
--facility=<facility> (-f): set syslog facility (default=daemon) (设置syslog工具,默认在后台)

Ucarp参数简述：

-v vip标识 –p密码 –a vip地址 –u 当机器为升为master时运行的脚本 –d 当机器降为slave时运行的脚本 –s心跳ip地址 –P与-k结合最小的为master机器 –B以daemon方式运行

4 配置示例

4.1 centos 5.4

在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下建ucarp.repo文件内容如下

[ucarp]

name=ucarp RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux

baseurl=http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/dag/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag

http://rh-mirror.linux.iastate.edu/pub/dag/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag

http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/dag/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag

http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/dag.wieers/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag

http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag

http://mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/mirror/dag/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag

http://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag

http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag

http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://dag.wieers.com/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

然后yum 方式安装即可 yum install ucarp

主：192.168.2.24此ip为心跳检测ip

[root@THS-LEVEL2 ~]# cat /etc/master-up.sh

#!/bin/sh

/sbin/ip addr add 211.138.113.105/24 dev eth1

/sbin/route add default gw 211.138.113.1

[root@THS-LEVEL2 ~]# cat /etc/master-down.sh

#!/bin/sh

/sbin/ip addr del 211.138.113.105/24 dev eth1

/sbin/route del default gw 211.138.113.1

[root@THS-LEVEL2 ~]# cat /etc/master.sh

#!/bin/sh

/usr/sbin/ucarp -v 40 -p gw105 -a 211.138.113.105 -u /etc/master-up.sh -d /etc/master-down.sh -s 192.168.2.24 -P -B

备：192.168.2.22此ip为心跳检测ip

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/slave-up.sh

#!/bin/sh

/sbin/ip addr add 211.138.113.105/24 dev eth1

/sbin/route add default gw 211.138.113.1

/bin/sh /root/mobile/mobi.sh

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/slave-down.sh

#!/bin/sh

/sbin/ip addr del 211.138.113.105/24 dev eth1

/sbin/route del default gw 211.138.113.1

/bin/sh /root/mobile/stop.sh

#/bin/ps -ef|grep mobi|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/slave.sh

#!/bin/sh

/usr/sbin/ucarp -v 40 -p gw105 -a 211.138.113.105 -u /etc/slave-up.sh -d /etc/slave-down.sh -s 192.168.2.22 -P -k 15 –B

4.2 freebsd

在http://download.pureftpd.org/pub/ucarp/上下载ucarp文件

安装 ./configure && make && make install

主 192.168.2.254

mobigw2# cat /etc/master.sh

/usr/local/sbin/ucarp -v 96 -p 196bile -a 211.138.113.196 -u /etc/master-up.sh -d /etc/master-down.sh -s 192.168.2.254 -P -B

mobigw2# cat /etc/master-up.sh

#!/bin/sh

ifconfig em0 add 211.138.113.196 netmask 255.255.255.0

ifconfig em1 192.168.2.1/24 alias

route add default 211.138.113.1

mobigw2# cat /etc/master-down.sh

#!/bin/sh

ifconfig em0 -alias 211.138.113.196

ifconfig em1 -alias 192.168.2.1

route del default 211.138.113.1

备192.168.2.3

zjyd_181# cat /etc/slave.sh

/usr/local/sbin/ucarp -v 96 -p 196bile -a 211.138.113.196 -u /etc/slave-up.sh -d /etc/slave-down.sh -s 192.168.2.3 -P -k 25 -B

zjyd_181# cat /etc/slave-up.sh

#!/bin/sh

ifconfig em1 add 211.138.113.196 netmask 255.255.255.0

ifconfig em0 192.168.2.1/24 alias

#route add default 211.138.113.1

zjyd_181# cat /etc/slave-down.sh

#!/bin/sh

ifconfig em1 -alias 211.138.113.196

ifconfig em0 -alias 192.168.2.1

5 启动服务

主机器上执行/etc/master.sh

备机器上执行/etc/slave.sh

并将主被两台机器服务添加到开机启动项:

cp /etc/master.sh /etc/rc.d/rc.local

cp /etc/slave.sh /etc/rc.d/rc.local

6 功能实现

当主机器掉之后，从机器会接管主机器ip及相关服务；之后主机器重新起来后，主机器会把从的机器ip抢过来，并且备机器会从“主”降为从

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